Medicinal
Fahimeh Askari; Marzieh Davoodi; Maryam Ghelichli; Ilia Asadi; Farhad Jazideh
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans have destructive effects on the development of caries. It is mainly found in biofilm and saliva, and can cause caries activity. Silymarin is an extract from the dried seeds of the milk thistle and has antibacterial activity. Seemingly, silymarine extract can prevent the destructive ...
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Streptococcus mutans have destructive effects on the development of caries. It is mainly found in biofilm and saliva, and can cause caries activity. Silymarin is an extract from the dried seeds of the milk thistle and has antibacterial activity. Seemingly, silymarine extract can prevent the destructive effects of S. mutans. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of silymarine extract against S. mutans virulence and caries development in rat model and in vitro condition.Antibacterial activity, glucan adherence and synthesis, biofilm formation and acid production were investigated under in vitro condition. Gene expressions of relA, gtfC, brpA and comDE were assessed. Dental caries development was also evaluated. The results showed decreased biofilm formation, glucan synthesis and adherence and decreased acid production in higher doses of silymarine (p <0.05). The results also showed decreased gene expressions of relA, gtfC, brpA and comDE in the animals treated with silymarine than the control group (p <0.05). A significant decrease in caries development was found in the intervention groups compared with the control group (p <0.05). It can be concluded that use of silymarine, as a supplement, can inhibit caries development. It is recommended that silymarin can be used as a commercial supplement and/or in combination with other agents to prevent the development of dental caries.
Medicinal
Armin Zarei; Saeid Taghavi Fardood; Farzaneh Moradnia; Ali Ramazani
Abstract
The arrival of new types of viral diseases, namely coronavirus family, have posed a serious threat for global health. A new kind of coronavirus (CoV) named intense respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19) firstly diagnosed in Huanan Seafood Wholesale, Wuhan City, China. The COVID-19 origination ...
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The arrival of new types of viral diseases, namely coronavirus family, have posed a serious threat for global health. A new kind of coronavirus (CoV) named intense respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19) firstly diagnosed in Huanan Seafood Wholesale, Wuhan City, China. The COVID-19 origination is likely to be from an animal host like bat and followed by person-person transmission unless the other routes possibility should be taken into account. The COVID-19 has been spread so fast all over the world, with more than 1,569,504 infected cases and 95,269 mortality as of April, 11th 2020, regardless of potent control and quarantine policy in more countries. Moreover, the SARS-CoV2 known as a novel coronavirus as it’s initial genomic was less likely to be matched with the former CoV types. The human-human transmission range reported to be 2-14 days and its spread expansions would be comforted by surfaces, infected hands and droplets. This review focused on the persistency of different coronaviruses, like avain H7H9, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, Ebola virus and COVID-19, on varied surfaces as well as considering of COVID-19 features such as transmission, preventable policies, symptoms and suggested treatment ways to combat COVID-19.
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