Sami Publishing Company (SPC)Eurasian Chemical Communications2717-05354920220901Spectrophotometric determination of phenobarbital in pharmaceutical preparation using gold nanoparticles81282514864110.22034/ecc.2022.329806.1329ENEman ThiabAl SamarraiDepartment of Chemistry, College of Education, University of Samarra, Samarra, Iraq0000-0002-1970-0889Liqaa H. AlwanDepartment of Chemistry, College of Education, University of Samarra, Samarra, Iraq0000-0002-9460-829xSuha Abdullah Hussein Al-HaddadDepartment of Chemistry, College of Education, University of Samarra, Samarra, IraqMustafa Hamed Al SamarraiDepartment of Chemistry, College of Education, University of Samarra, Samarra, IraqMuhannad Salim MitebAl-ObaidiDepartment of Chemistry, College of Education, University of Samarra, Samarra, Iraq0000-0003-1863-9403Othman RashidAl SamarraiDepartment of Chemistry, College of Education, University of Samarra, Samarra, Iraq0000-0002-1487-4054Journal Article20220115A simple, rapid and accurate spectrophotometric method is proposed to determine Phenobarbital (PHB) based on the coupling of 2,6-Dichloroindophenol sodium salt hydrate (DSH) with PHB to give a new ligand which reacts with gold nanoparticles in alkaline medium at (30-40oC) to give an intense blue-green colored chelate complex having maximum absorption at 600nm. The optimization of the experimental conditions is described. Beer’s Law is obeyed at concentration range up to 5-45μg/ml with molar absorptivity 2368.797 L/mol.cm, Sandell's index was 0.09803 (μg/cm<sup>2</sup>) The correlation coefficient, limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.9984, 1.3002μg/ml and 4.3342μg/ml, respectively. The method has been successfully used to determine the Phenobarbital concentration in pharmaceutical preparation.https://www.echemcom.com/article_148641_ef9a983c60f2d613e7e95f1824c2fe72.pdfSami Publishing Company (SPC)Eurasian Chemical Communications2717-05354920220901Spectrophotometric determination of Mesalazine by formation of ion pair complex82683414864210.22034/ecc.2022.329317.1350ENMuhannad Salim MitebAl-ObaidiDepartment of Chemistry, College of Education, University of Samarra, Samarra, Iraq0000-0003-1863-9403Eman ThiabAl SamarraiDepartment of Chemistry, College of Education, University of Samarra, Samarra, Iraq0000-0002-1970-0889Journal Article20220206A simple, developed, fast, and accurate spectrophotometric method was examined to determine Mesalazine (MES) in its pure form and pharmaceutical preparation (Pentasa). It was based on the formation of an ion pair complex between MES and the Amaranth (AMA) reagent to give a purple color product which gives its highest absorption at the wavelength of 556 nm. The best conditions for complex formation were found (time, temperature, optimal reagent concentration, and pH). The linearity of the method for the complex consisting ranged from 5-45 µg/mL, the Sandell's index was 0.01934 µg/cm<sup>2</sup>, the molar absorption coefficient was 7917.338 L/mol.cm and the detection limit was 0.03772 µg/mL, the quantitative limit was 0.11432 µg/mL, the percent recovery range was Rec% between (100.9671-95.5512) %, and the relative standard deviation rate RSD% between (0.3752<strong>-</strong>0<strong>.</strong>2926)%. It was found that the method is accurate and precision and has been successfully applied to estimate the MES in its pharmaceutical preparation, in direct methods, and in multi standard additions.https://www.echemcom.com/article_148642_13298c451952997e143605f76972196a.pdfSami Publishing Company (SPC)Eurasian Chemical Communications2717-05354920220901Estimation and development of some biophysical characteristics of the drug Favipiravir used in the treatment of corona-virus using green chemistry technology83585114864310.22034/ecc.2022.332743.1352ENLiqaa HusseinAlwanDepartment of Chemistry, College of Education, Samarra University, Samarra, Iraq0000-0003-1863-9403Eman ThiabAl SamarraiDepartment of Chemistry, College of Education, Samarra University, Samarra, Iraq0000-0002-1970-0889Mahmood S.H. MahmoodDepartment of Research and Development in the State Company for Drugs Industry and Medical Appliance, Samarra, Iraq0000-0002-1970-0889Qaaed Baker AliDepartment of Chemistry, College of Education, Samarra University, Samarra, Iraq0000-0002-1970-0889Othman RashidAl SamarraiDepartment of Chemistry, College of Education, Samarra University, Samarra, Iraq0000-0002-1487-4054Journal Article20220206This study included the preparation and identification of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuNPs) prepared from eucalyptus leaf extract using modern and advanced detection and analysis devices: XRD, AFM, SEM, UV-Vis, and TEM. The results of the tests indicated that the prepared particles are spherical and rod-shaped, with average diameters ranging from 32.55-37.94 nm, and the results showed that the copper oxide nanoparticles were within the nano-scale, and the wavelength of the drug is (322) nanometers. The factors affecting the loading of the drug (Favipiravir) at a concentration of (40 µg/mL) on the surface of activated charcoal prepared from eucalyptus leaves were studied, as well with a weight of 0.1 g and in the presence of copper oxide nanoparticles with different concentrations. It was found that the equilibrium time is 25 minutes, and the thermodynamic functions were calculated at different temperatures. The results illustrated that the loading process by using exothermic adsorption (physical adsorption), is less random process and spontaneously. The possibility of using the loaded substance (Favipiravir:CuNPs) to inhibit microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi was studied, and by the presence of the surface active substance sodium dodecyl sulphate SDS, it was found that it has the ability to inhibit by 100%, as a result of the merging of the tail of the superficial active substances with the fatty membrane of the virus, the other microorganisms, its dismantling, and encapsulation of its parts. The vaccines and therapeutic drugs developed on the basis of nano-medicine, which are currently undergoing clinical trials, have the potential to become innovative alternatives to defeat COVID-19 in the future.https://www.echemcom.com/article_148643_e10a10e475d5e18eea025bb21b62294e.pdfSami Publishing Company (SPC)Eurasian Chemical Communications2717-05354920220901Preparation and characterization of nano-carbon as an adsorbent for industrial water treatment85286214864410.22034/ecc.2022.332809.1356ENMashreq MuhammadAhmedDepartment of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Tikrit, Tikrit, Iraq0000-0003-1863-9403Attallah B.DekhylDepartment of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Tikrit, Tikrit, Iraq0000-0003-1863-9403Liqaa HusseinAlwanDepartment of Chemistry, College of Education, University of Samarra, Samarra, Iraq0000-0003-1863-9403Journal Article20220206This study included the preparation and characterization of carbon nanoparticles prepared from environmentally friendly plant sources, namely a mixture of walnut shells and date kernels, as diagnosed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), as the results showed that the prepared carbon particles were within nano-size and square in shape, in addition to studying and determining the wavelength of the dye [EBT] under study. It was 516 nm, and the adsorption efficiency of the nano-carbon prepared for the dye was 95.0%. With an ideal weight of 0.5 g, it was found that the equilibrium time was 20 minutes. The results showed that the adsorption efficiency increased at the natural pH of the dye. The thermodynamic functions of adsorption were also calculated, and it was found that the adsorption system was automatic (ΔGº) and less random (ΔSᵒ) and exothermic ((∆Hº) at temperature (Tk).https://www.echemcom.com/article_148644_2e5631a47e1d778f5c79f2df044c6698.pdfSami Publishing Company (SPC)Eurasian Chemical Communications2717-05354920220901Study of oxidant-antioxidant status in cerebrospinal fluid of children with meningitis86386914879910.22034/ecc.2022.332821.1359ENEntedhar R.SarhatDepartment of Biochemistry, Dentistry College, University of Tikrit, Tikrit, Iraq0000-0003-1863-9403Moayad M.Y. Al AnzyDepartment of Clinical Science Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, University of Tikrit, Tikrit, Iraq0000-0003-1863-9403Takea ShakerAhmedDepartment of Clinical Science Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, University of Tikrit, Tikrit, IraqJournal Article20220206Meningitis, an inflammation of the meninges, is globally distributed as either sporadic or epidemic forms. Acute meningitis of infectious etiology involves viruses or bacteria making the differential diagnosis very difficult. Oxidative and reductive stress are dual dynamic phases experienced by the cells undergoing adaptation towards endogenous or exogenous noxious stimulus. Considering the issue stated, the present study was designed to evaluate the alterations in different biochemical parameters including glucose, protein, oxidative stress in the CSF samples of the meningitis patients (n=36) and compare them with control subjects (n=36). The results revealed significant increase in CSF of total protein, malondialdehyde, albumin, and NO levels in meningitis patients when compared with their respective controls. While Glucose, uric acid, glutathione, Vitamin E and C were significantly decreased in CSF samples, in meningitis patients in comparison to the control group. The findings indicated that oxidative stress due to reactive nitrogen species and altered antioxidant defenses are involved in the pathophysiology of meningitis in humans.https://www.echemcom.com/article_148799_65aed858ce63b43aa6c3023931f15339.pdfSami Publishing Company (SPC)Eurasian Chemical Communications2717-05354920220901The impact of ozone gas treatment on the amylose/amylopectin ratio in Iraqi jasmine rice grains87087614892310.22034/ecc.2022.337823.1408ENEmad Shaker WhaibDirectorate of Animal Resource, Ministry of Agriculture, Baghdad city, Iraq, Department of Food Science, Collage of Agricultural and Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq0000-0002-6027-7170Makarim Ali MousaDepartment of Food Science, Collage of Agricultural and Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, IraqJournal Article20220316The ratio of amylose to amylopectin has a significant impact on rice cooking properties. The raw rice grains with moisture levels of 14% and 18% were treated with 30 mg/L ozone for 5 hours and the milled rice was treated for 3 hours, as well. The sample weighed 2 kg and the treatment was carried out in a confined space system with the ozone-mixed air being pushed through it in which amylose was assessed to be 18.93% and amylopectin to be 81.07%. The percentages of amylose and amylopectin in ozone-treated versus non-ozone-treated grains did not change significantly, for both raw and milled rice, at both moisture content and ozone treatment levels. To extend the storage life, the ozone treatment period for raw and milled rice was determined based on the removal of most microorganisms.https://www.echemcom.com/article_148923_c9d68554dbeca2ee5ad07575cf1563a0.pdfSami Publishing Company (SPC)Eurasian Chemical Communications2717-05354920220901Chemical synthesis of various composites of chromen-2-one: A review87789314898710.22034/ecc.2022.338810.1412ENSalah HassanZain Al AbdeenDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq0000-0002-5685-481XYasser FakriMustafaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq0000-0002-0926-7428Journal Article20220322Chromen-2-one composites are a type of heterocycles that has a wide range of uses in healthcare technology, biological research, and a variety of commercial fields. Many attempts are being made to create the innovative and more realistic ways of manufacturing such molecules in order to achieve this goal. Several chromen-2-one composite synthesis procedures are described in this study, including Von Pechmann condensation, Knoevenagel condensation, Kostanecki reaction, Baylis-Hillman retort, Michael addition, electrophilic reaction mediated by vinyl phosphonium salt, and the reaction of Heck-lactonization.https://www.echemcom.com/article_148987_9f42fe1b03e5a0f1a676bc24fa56137b.pdfSami Publishing Company (SPC)Eurasian Chemical Communications2717-05354920220901Comparing the effect of drugs atorvastatin and rosuvastatin on the level of laboratory markers acute coronary syndrome patients89489914921910.22034/ecc.2022.336608.1399ENFirooz BalavandiAssistant Professor of Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Mostafa Khomaeini Hospital, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, IranBahareh NeystaniSchool of Medicine, Shahid Mostafa Khomaeini Hospital, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, IranYousef JamshidbeigiInstructor of Medical Surgical Nursing, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran0000-0001-8889-1853Aliasharaf MozafriShahid Mostafa Khomaeini Hospital, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, IranJournal Article20220408Pharmacotherapy is one of the most important measures for improving the health status of patients, which can play a key role in this regard. The present study was performed to compare the effect of atorvastatin plus rosuvastatin on the value of laboratory markers in CVD patients. This research is a clinical trial study, whose research population consisted of the patients with ACS in Ilam city in 2021. The patients were randomly assigned into three groups: control, intervention A (receiving atorvastatin), and intervention B (receiving rosuvastatin). The patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study through available sampling, for all of whom the required tests were performed. The laboratory variables including tests of triglyceride, cholesterol, ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, and LDL, using a single device which was in the laboratory in Ilam city were completed and the documents related to them were considered as assessment criteria. The data analysis was done using SPSS 16 software. The table indicated the comparison of laboratory index scores before and after taking rosuvastatin. According to the findings, in all laboratory indices after taking rosuvastatin, the status of the index has changed significantly to improve the patient’s health status (p <0.05). Considering the greater effect of rosuvastatin compared to atorvastatin on improving the laboratory variables, prescription of this drug is suggested for improving the status of CVD patients.https://www.echemcom.com/article_149219_479b7e280d6e6d3c2df8676349c2790d.pdfSami Publishing Company (SPC)Eurasian Chemical Communications2717-05354920220901The role of Irisin level hormone and some biochemical parameters in Iraqi diabetic type 2 with hypothyroidism90090914946410.22034/ecc.2022.337520.1405ENHuda Amjad HashimDepartment of Chemistry, Collage of Education for pure Sciences Ibn AL Haitham University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq0000-0002-1285-2652Nawal M.J. Al-ShammaaDepartment of Chemistry, Collage of Education for pure Sciences Ibn AL Haitham University of Baghdad, Baghdad, IraqJournal Article20220313The study aimed to determine the values of the created serum irisin, which plays in hypothyroid patients with type 2 diabetes. In this research, based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 60 patients with type 2 diabetes patients with hypothyroidism were chosen as the case group, with a 1:1 ratio which was determined based on the patients’ inclusion rate. The adults in the age range of 30 to 60 were included in this cohort, which was formed at the Medical City/ Baghdad Teaching Hospital. A control group of 60 healthy volunteers of the same gender and age served as the study’s control group. The clinical data was collected on the participants to determine their medical history, hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum hormones T3, T4, TSH, serum AST, ALT, and serum lipids. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent test was used to measure the amount of irisin of the blood (ELISA). The data was analyzed using SPSS 23.0 software and compared between both groups. In total, the single factor analysis revealed that the level of irisin in the T2DM with the hypothyroidism group was significantly greater than in the control group (14.445±3.008 ng/mL vs. 4.121±0.308 ng/mL). The T2DM with hypothyroidism group had higher levels of HbA1c, serum hormone TSH, serum AST, ALT, total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) than the control group. The blood irisin levels were greater in the T2DM with Hypothyroidism group than in the control group.https://www.echemcom.com/article_149464_61fb2db13e15e1e2d0b25c468985f208.pdfSami Publishing Company (SPC)Eurasian Chemical Communications2717-05354920220901Algae extracts as reduction agents for biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles for alternative medicinal compounds91092014946510.22034/ecc.2022.337634.1409ENIbtisam Fareed AliKarmUniversity of Baghdad, Market Researches and Consumer Protection Canter, Baghdad, Iraq0000-0003-3533-0045Ahmed Sahi DwaishMustansiriyah University, College of Science, Biology Department, Baghdad, IraqOsama Abdul Azeez DakhilMustansiriyah University, College of Science, Biology Department, Baghdad, IraqJournal Article20220316This study aims to find the best-synthesized factors of silver nanoparticles (Silver-NPs) utilizing a Chara sp. algal extract and evaluate their antibacterial properties against several isolated pathogenic microorganisms, the pure algal extract was made from dried algal biomass, and then was added to 1 mM AgNO3, in which the color shift was seen and recorded using an ultraviolet (UV)-vis spectrophotometer. EDX was used to examine the crystal structure. The growth inhibition for isolated bacteria was used to assess the antibacterial effectiveness. The color changes to brown. The formation of silver nanoparticles by the extract of the green algae at 2 minutes demonstrates the synthesis of silver nanoparticles by the extract of the green algae. The surface Plasmon resonance band, which was discovered using a UV-vis spectrophotometer, was centered at 440 nm. SEM images revealed spherical and semi-spherical nanoparticles with significant agglomeration, while the energy-dispersive X-ray images confirmed silver’s elemental components produced at 3 keV. With some exceptions, silver nanoparticles demonstrate the high inhibitory activity against all bacteria and fungi examined. The manufacture of silver nanoparticles using <em>Chara</em> sp. demonstrates a fast and environmentally benign silver ion reduction technique. As a result, the current study reveals that algae-mediated Green produced silver nanoparticles have a high antibacterial activity, indicating that they could be developed as a revolutionary therapy for human welfare in biomedical applications in the near future.https://www.echemcom.com/article_149465_949e2e8d4f9a737c8c94a7b5c6292d05.pdfSami Publishing Company (SPC)Eurasian Chemical Communications2717-05354920220901Antioxidant effect of purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas var. Antin 3) for the prevention of oxidative stress after high-intensity physical exercise in rat92192914961910.22034/ecc.2022.335086.1390ENMahendra Wahyu DewanggaDepartment of Sport Science, Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia0000-0002-2777-268XDimyati DimyatiDepartment of Sport Science, Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia0000-0002-9002-5513Djoko Pekik IriantoDepartment of Sport Science, Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia0000-0002-8635-7830Journal Article20220324High-intensity exercise produces free radicals in the body, resulting in oxidative stress. The presence of oxidative stress can be determined by measuring superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde levels. Consuming foods in a high range in antioxidants is one way to prevent oxidative stress in the body. Purple Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas var. Antin 3) has anthocyanins and vitamin C, which can fight free radicals and keep the body healthy. To find out how Ipomoea batatas var. Antin 3 can help prevent oxidative stress after a lot of exercise in rat. The experimental research with a post-test only control group design. The number of rats is 24, then they were divided into four groups. Group I was given the standard feed, while Group II was given both exercise and the standard feed. Group III was given exercise, standard feed, and purple sweet potato 2.6 mg/day. Group IV was given exercise, standard feed, and purple sweet potato 5.2 mg/day. The physical exercise was given every day for 28 days. Observation of SOD and MDA levels was done by spectrophotometry. Analysis using one-way ANOVA and post hoc LSD revealed that administration of purple sweet potato at a dose of 5.2 mg/day was the most effective dose for decreasing MDA levels (p<0.05) and increasing SOD activity (p<0.05), as well. Giving purple sweet potatoes prevented the accumulation of oxidative stress, but administration of purple sweet potatoes at a dose of 5.2 mg/day was more effective in preventing the buildup of free radicals which cause oxidative stress in the body.https://www.echemcom.com/article_149619_0547e6301db408701c31caf9c1b20e47.pdf