Document Type : Review Article
Author
1 Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang Indonesia Semarang-50275, Central Java, Indonesia
2 Department of Pediatrics, Diponegoro National Hospital, Semarang-50275, Central Java, Indonesia
3 Division of Pediatrics, Williambooth General Hospital, Semarang-50131, Central Java, Indonesia
10.48309/ecc.2023.418910.1691
Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is defined as severe proteinuria that results in low albumin levels, increased permeability within the glomerular filtration barrier, and functional impairment. Oxidative stress and inflammation are believed to play a significant role in the development of nephropathy. Reactive oxygen species, mitochondria, nitric oxide (NO) synthases, and xanthine oxidases are all injured by kidney-inducing substances. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism of hypoalbuminaemia in nephrotic syndrome related to oxidative stress in NS. Through studies and reviews, the causes, pathophysiology, sources, and agents of renal oxidative stress have been elucidated over several decades. We reviewed studies on reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and their relationship with hypoalbuminaemia nephrotic syndrome. The pathogenic pathways that lead to renal fibrosis, mechanisms of oxidative stress production during renal disorders, and medications that specifically target oxidative stress during tubulointerstitial fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis are explained in this article. A distinguishing feature of NS is increased excretion of albumin and other serum proteins. Therapies that target oxidative stress have the potential to treat renal fibrosis, given the importance of oxidative stress in renal nephrotic syndrome.
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