Original Research Article
Fatemeh Mostaghni; Fereshteh Taat
Abstract
CoFe2O4 is used as an efficient catalyst for reaction of benzoin, benzaldehydes, and ammonium acetate under mild and green conditions. This reaction is produced the corresponding 2,4,5-triarylimidazole lophine as the representative of multisubstituted imidazoles in high yields (99%), high purity (>98%) ...
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CoFe2O4 is used as an efficient catalyst for reaction of benzoin, benzaldehydes, and ammonium acetate under mild and green conditions. This reaction is produced the corresponding 2,4,5-triarylimidazole lophine as the representative of multisubstituted imidazoles in high yields (99%), high purity (>98%) and short reaction time (10 min) in comparison to the previously reported approaches. The catalyst was separated easily by an external magnet. In addition, the recycled catalyst was reused several times without significant loss of catalytic properties.
Original Research Article
Akbar Elsagh
Abstract
In this study, since the system was relatively large, the modified methods of molecular mechanics and quantum mechanics were used to obtain changes in the thickness of the membrane phospholipids by different solvents. Thus, according to the theory of fluidity Mosaic, the changes that were made due to ...
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In this study, since the system was relatively large, the modified methods of molecular mechanics and quantum mechanics were used to obtain changes in the thickness of the membrane phospholipids by different solvents. Thus, according to the theory of fluidity Mosaic, the changes that were made due to various solutions and, consequently, the constant change of solution dielectric effect on the thickness of the phospholipid membrane. By comparing these changes, it was found that changes in the width of the inner layers in the vicinity of different solvents, with the shift from this effect, are consistent with the total width of the phospholipid membrane. It seems to be the determining factor in changing the width of the diaphragm against different solvents of the phospholipid inner layer. Accordingly, the depth of membrane thinning was calculated for each solvent in comparison with the water solution, which was reduced by decreasing the solvent dielectric constant, thinning of the solution and the phospholipid membrane, respectively. Thermodynamic functions for the usual solution were calculated using frequency studies and thermodynamic relations. These functions indicate that the system is stable in terms of thermodynamics and stabilizes the desired solution without distorting structural integrity. Hence, these structures can be used as agents for the delivery, exchange, and absorption of materials. The membrane structures studied in this study are used in the mechanism, and drug delivery interactions in the body and the pharmaceutical industry as a channel for the delivery and exchange, and these results can be used in the discussion of intelligent redeploy of drugs and Nano drug. So, paying attention to the operating environment and the thinning factor and the thickness of the membrane increase the reactivity, improve the solubility and delivery of drugs, reduce the dose of the medicine and increase its effectiveness.
Original Research Article
Seyed Ashkan Moghadam Ziabari; Mohsen Babamoradi; Zoleikha Hajizadeh; Ali Maleki
Abstract
Agar/Fe3O4nanocomposites were synthesized in the presence of an external magnetic field (~ 0.4 Tesla) and their characteristics were compared to the samples synthesized without considering the external magnetic field. In this study, we used Fe2+ and Fe3+ for synthesizing Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles ...
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Agar/Fe3O4nanocomposites were synthesized in the presence of an external magnetic field (~ 0.4 Tesla) and their characteristics were compared to the samples synthesized without considering the external magnetic field. In this study, we used Fe2+ and Fe3+ for synthesizing Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles in the presence of agar as a polymeric additive, by co-precipitation technique. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analysis of the samples revealed the saturation magnetism as 33.92 emu/g and 38.92 emu/g for the synthesized samples in the absence and presence of external magnetic field, respectively. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that the aggregation of magnetic nanoparticles is related to the magnetic property. Magnetic dipole alignment was increased by the sample synthesized in the external magnetic field. The Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern were also applied to characterize the magnetic nanocomposites.
Original Research Article
Ahmad Reza Moosavi-Zare; Hadis Afshar-Hezarkhani
Abstract
Pyridinium-1-sulfonic acid-2-carboxylic acid chloride {[Pyridine-1-SO3H-2-COOH]Cl} was synthesized and applied as a novel and efficient catalyst for the preparation of hexahydroquinolines by the one-pot multi-component condensation reaction of various aryl aldehydes with dimedone (5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione), ...
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Pyridinium-1-sulfonic acid-2-carboxylic acid chloride {[Pyridine-1-SO3H-2-COOH]Cl} was synthesized and applied as a novel and efficient catalyst for the preparation of hexahydroquinolines by the one-pot multi-component condensation reaction of various aryl aldehydes with dimedone (5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione), β-ketoesters and ammonium acetate under mild and solvent-free conditions. Low cost, non toxic nature, simple work-up and excellent yields of products are the main advantages of this work.
![Application of [Pyridine-1-SO3H-2-COOH]Cl as an efficient catalyst for the preparation of hexahyroquinolines](data/ecc/coversheet/291575543060.jpg)
Original Research Article
Ayub Parchebaf; Gasem Nojameh
Abstract
In the presented study, a new and efficient sorbent for the removal of Everzol Red 3BS dye from aqueous solutions was prepared by immobilization of 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine (DNPH) on γ-alumina (γ-Al2O3) nanoparticles coated with sodium dodecyl sulfate (DNPH-γ-alumina). ...
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In the presented study, a new and efficient sorbent for the removal of Everzol Red 3BS dye from aqueous solutions was prepared by immobilization of 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine (DNPH) on γ-alumina (γ-Al2O3) nanoparticles coated with sodium dodecyl sulfate (DNPH-γ-alumina). The structure and morphology of the produced sorbents were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Batch studies were performed to study the effect of various experimental parameters such as contact time, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dose and solution pH on the adsorption process. The experimental data were analyzed using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The isotherm studies showed that the adsorption experimental data were fitted by Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity (qmax) obtained from the Langmuir model was 10.21 and 86.96 mg/g for Everzol Red 3BS dye on nano-γ-alumina and DNPH modified γ-alumina nanoparticles (DNPH-γ-alumina), respectively. Meanwhile, thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy (∆G°), enthalpy (∆H°) and entropy (∆S°) were evaluated. We found out that ∆G°, ∆H°, and ∆S° for nano-γ-alumina and DNPH modified γ-alumina nanoparticles (DNPH-γ-alumina) are -11.07 and -4.84 kJ/mol, 1.40and 3.55 kJ/mol, and 0.037 and 0.025 kJ/molK, respectively. The negative values of Gibbs free energy change (∆G°) show that the adsorption was feasible as the spontaneous and positive values of enthalpy change (∆H°) confirm the endothermic adsorption. The obtained results indicate that γ-alumina (γ-Al2O3) nanoparticles modified with 2, 4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine (DNPH- γ-alumina) can be used as an efficient adsorbent material for the adsorption of anionic dyes from aqueous solutions.
Original Research Article
Ali Borsalani; Seyed Mostafa Tabatabaee Ghomsheh; Masoumeh Mirzaei; Alireza Azimi
Abstract
In this study, cleaning of organic-fouled reverse osmosis membranes with direct osmosis high salinity (DO-HS) method by nitrate salts as draw solution was investigated. Synthetic feed water including alginate and natural organic matter were used as model organic foulants. Nitrate salts were selected ...
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In this study, cleaning of organic-fouled reverse osmosis membranes with direct osmosis high salinity (DO-HS) method by nitrate salts as draw solution was investigated. Synthetic feed water including alginate and natural organic matter were used as model organic foulants. Nitrate salts were selected as draw solution which has not been used for DO-HS cleaning until now. Physicochemical properties of these salts were investigated systematically and related to the DO-HS cleaning performance. The results revealed that the zinc nitrate (1.5 M) draw solution may generate high osmotic pressure more than NaCl. Also, the DO-HS cleaning by zinc nitrate as draw solution was found to be quite effective in cleaning reverse osmosis membranes (cleaning efficiency up to 110%) fouled by gel-forming hydrophilic organic foulants, such as alginate. The effect of physicochemical factors investigated included salt dose, salt type, organic foulants composition and cleaning contact time. It was found that the membrane needed to be cleaned for about 10 min because of the appearance of all foulants on membrane surface. Most importantly, DO-HS cleaning appeared to be an effective cleaning method, and found to be useful for membrane-based advanced wastewater reclamation, where a large fraction of the organic foulants is hydrophilic.
Original Research Article
Mohammad Reza Aflatoonian; Somayeh Tajik; Behnaz Aflatoonian; Mehri-Saddat Ekrami-Kakhki; Kouros Divsalar; Iran Sheikh Shoaie; Zahra Dourandish; Mahdieh Sheikhshoaie
Abstract
This work discusses the development of a new sensor for simultaneous determination of levodopa and tryptophan. The proposed sensor was a glassy carbon electrode modified with V2O5 nanoparticles. Based on the excellent electrochemical properties of the modified electrode, a sensitive voltammetric method ...
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This work discusses the development of a new sensor for simultaneous determination of levodopa and tryptophan. The proposed sensor was a glassy carbon electrode modified with V2O5 nanoparticles. Based on the excellent electrochemical properties of the modified electrode, a sensitive voltammetric method was used for individual and simultaneous determination of the levodopa and tryptophan in the aqueous solutions. The proposed method under the optimized conditions was utilized to determine the levodopa with linear range of 0.06–250.0 μM and detection limit of 0.02 μM (S/N=3). Finally, the applicability of the proposed sensor was verified by evaluation of levodopa and tryptophan in real sample.
Original Research Article
Iman Yousefi Javan; Mario Augusto Pagnotta; Renato D΄Ovidio
Abstract
In this work, we studied the distribution of molecular markers in the chromosomes of tetraploid wheat. This distribution was drawn through the 192 line came from based on a cross between two durum wheat genotypes. The first parental line was a Triticum turgidum ssp. durum (Desf.). The second parental ...
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In this work, we studied the distribution of molecular markers in the chromosomes of tetraploid wheat. This distribution was drawn through the 192 line came from based on a cross between two durum wheat genotypes. The first parental line was a Triticum turgidum ssp. durum (Desf.). The second parental line was a durum wheat genotype derived from a cross between the Triticum turgidum ssp. Durum, (Omrabi 5). One hundred ninety-two F8 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the above mentioned cross by single-seed descent. A total of 254 markers were analyzed, including 216 microsatellites and 38 SNPs markers. Linkage analysis defined 14 linkage groups. Most markers (57.2%) were found to be located to the A genome, with an average of 12 markers per chromosome. The remaining (42.7%) were located to the B genome. To construct a stabilized (skeleton) map, markers interfering with map stability were removed. Efficient user-friendly methods for mapping plant genomes were highly desirable for the studies marker-assisted selection. SSR (microsatellite) markers are user-friendly and efficient in detecting polymorphism, but they detect few loci. The skeleton map consisted of 100 markers with a total length of 3170.29 cM and an average distance of 31.7 cM between adjacent markers. Majority of the markers showed a statistical significantly Mendelian segregation with 1:1 ratio (α=0.01). The highest percentage of markers was similar with the first parental. This SSR and SNP markers revealed a high proportion of clustering, which may be indicative of gene-rich regions. Some of the SSR, SNP markers were distributed for the first time on the current work. This project provided a useful groundwork for further genetic map, genetic analysis of important quantitative traits, positional cloning, and marker-assisted selection, as well as for genome comparative genomics and genome organization studies in wheat and other cereals.
Original Research Article
Jalil Mashhadizadeh; Alireza Bozorgian; Alireza Azimi
Abstract
As it is always necessary to design a pipeline at high pressure (high density), pipelines are also exposed to ambient temperatures and are usually exposed to low temperatures. On the other hand, in the presence of water vapor (almost all natural gases have some water vapor), and more importantly, the ...
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As it is always necessary to design a pipeline at high pressure (high density), pipelines are also exposed to ambient temperatures and are usually exposed to low temperatures. On the other hand, in the presence of water vapor (almost all natural gases have some water vapor), and more importantly, the presence of hydrocarbons causes hydrate crystals to form. In this work, the capacity of carbon dioxide hydrate storage in water in the presence of surfactants at different temperatures, pressures and concentrations of TBAC and CTAB additives was calculated and measured using induction time measurement. The results of experiments show that with increasing pressure and decreasing temperature the storage capacity of CO2 in hydrate increases. Addition of CTAB also dramatically increases the storage capacity, while increasing pressure has a greater impact on the storage capacity of carbon dioxide in the hydrate. The effect of TBAC and CTAB surfactant on the induction of hydrate formation and carbon dioxide storage capacity was investigated. Design Expert software was used to design the experiment. Finally, statistical analysis of the effective parameters on the time of induction of hydrate formation showed that TBAC can decrease the time of induction of hydrate formation compared to other additives. In investigation of the effect of variables on the storage capacity of carbon dioxide gas, it can be concluded that increasing the amount of CTAB surfactant and pressure has the most impact on the increase of carbon dioxide storage capacity compared.
Original Research Article
Mohammad Reza Aflatoonian; Somayeh Tajik; Behnaz Aflatoonian; Mehri-Saddat Ekrami-Kakhki; Kouros Divsalar; Iran Sheikh Shoaie; Mahdieh Sheikhshoaie; Fariba Garkani Nejad
Abstract
An electrochemical method has been described for the voltammetric oxidation and determination of norepinephrine (NE) at a carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with RuO2 nano-roads and ionic liquid. The results indicated that the voltammetric response of norepinephrine was improved distinctly at the ...
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An electrochemical method has been described for the voltammetric oxidation and determination of norepinephrine (NE) at a carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with RuO2 nano-roads and ionic liquid. The results indicated that the voltammetric response of norepinephrine was improved distinctly at the surface of modified electrode and the oxidation of norepinephrine at the surface of modified electrode occurs at a potential about 200 mV less positive than that of an unmodified CPE. The anodic peak was characterized and the process was diffusion-controlled. The current measured by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) presented a good linear property as a function of the concentration of norepinephrine in the range of 0.07-400.0 µM, with a detection limit of 0.02 µM for norepinephrine. Also, this modified electrode was used for simultaneous determination of norepinephrine and acetaminophen. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied to norepinephrine and acetaminophen determination in pharmaceutical samples and urine as real samples.
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