Scopus (CiteScore 2022 =3.0, Q3) , ISC

Document Type : Short Communication

Authors

Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia

10.48309/ecc.2024.419480.1697

Abstract

Multiple pituitary hormone deficiency (MPHD) is a disorder that can cause short stature and delayed puberty due to the deficiency of several pituitary hormones. This case report aimed to deliver a rare case of multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies, focusing on the diagnosis approach and therapy. A thirteen-years-old boy came with a main complaint of short stature with a height of only 101 cm. The growth chart showed that the patient was below the third percentile. The Tanner stage was prepubertal. There was no history of short stature, delayed puberty, and hormonal disorders in his family. Hormonal tests showed deficiencies of GH, FT4, FSH, LH, and testosterone, and normal serum levels of TSH. Those were indicating growth hormone deficiency, central hypothyroidism, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Patients received levothyroxine and recombinant human growth hormone as hormone replacement therapy based on the etiology. The evaluation of therapy is carried out every 3-6 months. MPHD may be idiopathic or caused by hereditary disorders. The underlying cause of MPHD remains unknown. Further screening and diagnosis are required to evaluate risk factors and the best future therapy.

Graphical Abstract

A boy with short stature, be aware of multiple pituitary hormone deficiency

Keywords

Main Subjects

[1] (a) N. Rochmah, M. Faizi, A. Yuniari, N. Harjantien, Multiple pituitary hormone deficiency: beware of combined hormones deficiency, International Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology, 2013, 2013, 1-1. [Crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher], (b) Q. Lahhob, A. Al-sanaf, N. Mohammed, H. Abbas, Z. Ibrahim, M. Najim, Z. Malik, Z. Budaiwi, Z. Abdul-Jabbar, M. Kadham, Mineral and trace elements, dietary sources, biological effects, deficiency, and toxicity: a review, Journal of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research, 2023, 5, 536-555. [Pdf], [Publisher],  (c) A.A. Ali, A.H. Al-Khafaji, M. Al Bayati, O. Kuznetsov, W. Mohammad, M. Saleh, Role of calcium/potassium coefficient in calcium-regulating hormone activity in pre-obese patients, Journal of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research, 2023, 5, 144-153. [Pdf], [Publisher], (d) M. Khalid Hussein, P. Habib Saifalla, Estimation of insulin resistance and creatine kinase among Iraqi patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, Journal of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research, 2022, 4, 1193-1200. [Pdf], [Publisher], (e) N. Rochmah, M. Faizi, Y. Hisbiyah, R.K. Perwitasari, T.M. Nuzula, E. Qurnianingsih, Z. Faizah, Determinant Factors of vitamin D levels in down syndrome of Indonesian children, Journal of Medicinal and Chemical Sciences, 2023, (In Press), 383-391. [Crossref], [Pdf], [Publisher]
[2] A.M. Procter, J.A. Phillips Iii, D.N. Cooper, The molecular genetics of growth hormone deficiency, Human genetics, 1998, 103, 255-272. [Crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[3] J.R.L. Batubara, B. Tridjaja, A.B. Pulungan, Buku ajar endokrinologi anak. Badan Penerbit Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia, 2017. [Google Scholar]
[4] J. Harrington, M.R. Palmert, Distinguishing constitutional delay of growth and puberty from isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: critical appraisal of available diagnostic tests, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2012, 97, 3056-3067.  [Crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]  
[5] Q. Fang, A.S. George, M.L. Brinkmeier, A.H. Mortensen, P. Gergics, L.Y.M. Cheung, A.Z. Daly, A.A. María Ines Pérez Millán, A.B. Ozel, J.O. Kitzman, R.E. Mills, J.Z. Li, S.A. Camper, Genetics of combined pituitary hormone deficiency: roadmap into the genome era, Endocrine Reviews, 2016, 37, 636-675. [Crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]  
[6] H. Inoue, K. Ihara, M. Ochiai, Y. Takahata, H. Kohno, T. Hara, Congenital multiple pituitary hormone deficiency associated with hyperammonemia: a case report with a short review of the literature, Journal of Perinatology, 2011, 31, 146-148. [Crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]  
[7]  P.D.K. Lee, R.G. Rosenfeld, Psychosocial correlates of short stature and delayed puberty, Pediatric Clinics of North America, 1987, 34, 851-863. [Crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]  
[8] CDC. (2022, February 20th). CDC Boys Growth Chart: 2 to 20 Years, Stature-For-Age and Weight-For-Age Percentiles (3rd - 97th Percentile). Template Roller (online articles). [Publisher]  
[9] University of Calgary. Short Stature. [Publisher]  
[10] V. Vyas, A. Kumar, V. Jain, Growth hormone deficiency in children: from suspecting to diagnosing, Indian Pediatrics, 2017, 54, 955-961. [Crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]  
[11] N. Patil, A. Rehman, I. Jialal, A.D. Saathoff, Hypothyroidism (Nursing). 2021. [Google Scholar], [Publisher]  
[12] M. Bozzola, E. Bozzola, C. Montalbano, F. A. Stamati, P. Ferrara, A. Villani, Delayed puberty versus hypogonadism: a challenge for the pediatrician, Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2018, 23, 57.    [Crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]  
[13] F. Cavallo, A. Mohn, F. Chiarelli, C. Giannini, Evaluation of bone age in children: a mini-review, Frontiers in Pediatrics, 2021, 9, 580314. [Crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]  
[14] O.O. Ayoola, F.A. Oladejo, M. Dattani, P.E. Clayton, Multiple pituitary hormone deficiency caused by Pit-I mutation and the challenges of management in a developing country, Annals of Ibadan Postgraduate Medicine, 2008, 6, 21-26. [Crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]  
[15] F. Wang, J. Han, X. Shang, G. Li, Distinct pituitary hormone levels of 184 Chinese children and adolescents with multiple pituitary hormone deficiency: a single-centre study, BMC pediatrics, 2019, 19, 1-9. [Crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]   
[16] S.L. Tsai, E. Laffan, S. Lawrence, A retrospective review of pituitary MRI findings in children on growth hormone therapy, Pediatric Radiology, 2012, 42, 799-804. [Crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]   
[17] R.N.A. AlJurayyan, N.A.M. AlJurayyan, H.G. Omer, S.D.A. Alissa, H.M.N. AlOtaibi, R.A.H. AlKhalifah, A.M.I. Babiker, S. Mohamed, Pituitary imaging in 129 children with growth hormone deficiency: a spectrum of findings, Sudanese Journal of Paediatrics, 2017, 17, 30. [PDF], [Google Scholar]
[18] S. Straetemans, J. De Schepper, M. Thomas, S. Tenoutasse, V. Beauloye, R. Rooman, Criteria for first-year growth response to growth hormone treatment in prepubertal children with growth hormone deficiency: do they predict poor adult height outcome?, Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2019, 10, 792. [Crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]