Document Type : Original Research Article
Authors
1 Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
2 Conservative Dentistry Specialist Program, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
3 Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
Abstract
An inflammatory cytokine called tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is responsible for coordinating the body's reaction to injury and illness. TNFα expression can cause nociceptors to become hypersensitive to pain in addition to promoting inflammation. Based on a neuroimmunological approach, the immunohistochemistry image was examined by looking at the expression of TNFα and Hsp10 in macrophages and voltage-gated sodium channel 1.7 (Nav1.7) in nerve cells. Fifteen Sprague Dawley mice were used in the laboratory experiment; the animals were split into three groups, each with five mice: a control group, a group that removed normal pulp tissue, and a group that removed inflammatory pulp tissue. Tissue samples were taken from dental apical field of the mandibular incisor. The samples were all analyzed by immunohistochemistry techniques. When compared to the normal pulp tissue extraction group, the inflamed pulp tissue extraction group revealed a substantial drop in Nav1.7 expression, suggesting that Nav1.7 expression can be disrupted by increased Hsp10 expression. It implies that the discomfort risk during pulp extraction surgery will be reduced if the tooth pulp is infected or inflamed. The pulp tissue experiences an upregulation of TNFα expression upon extraction. Pain is caused by an increase in TNFα expression, which also raises Nav1.7 expression via the TNFR pathway. In the meantime, removing inflammatory pulp tissue significantly increases Hsp10 expression, which results in a drop in TNFα and Nav1.7 expression. When normal pulp tissue is removed, the pain response is more intense than when infected or inflammatory pulp tissue is removed.
Graphical Abstract
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