Scopus (CiteScore 2022 =3.0, Q3) , ISC

Document Type : Original Research Article

Authors

1 Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia

2 Conservative Dentistry Specialist Program, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia

3 Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia

10.48309/ecc.2024.424046.1734

Abstract

The identification of dental pulp tissue may impact the risk of post-endodontic discomfort, including flare-ups. The amount of pulp tissue in teeth may influence the diagnosis of such tissue. Live pulp tissue reacts to pain more strongly than inflamed pulp. Three groups of 27 Sprague Dawley rats were used in the experimental study: a control group, a group that removed normal pulp tissue, and a group that removed inflammatory pulp tissue. Samples were taken from the mandibular incisor's apical field after the pulp tissue was extracted. Immunohistochemical techniques were employed for the examination. Before pulp tissue is extracted, LPS is administered, which causes the pulp tissue to become inflamed and results in a rise in Heat Shock Protein 70-expressing cells. Because of its overexpression, )Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP-70( inhibits TRAF-6. Through the MAPK pathway, the drop in TRAF-6 led to a decrease in Nav1.8. When inflammatory pulp tissue is extracted, there is an overexpression of HSP70, leading to the inhibition of TRAF6. Consequently, this inhibition results in a decrease in MAPK, which subsequently lowers Nav1.8.

Graphical Abstract

Expression of mapk and nav-1.8 in nerve cells in normal and inflamed pulp after dental pulp tissue extirpation

Keywords

Main Subjects

[1] F.C. Sampaio, M. Bönecker, S.M. Paiva, S. Martignon, A.P. Ricomini Filho, A. Pozos-Guillen, B. H. Oliveira, M. Bullen, R. Naidu, C. Guarnizo-Herreño, J. Gomez, Dental caries prevalence, prospects, and challenges for Latin America and Caribbean countries: a summary and final recommendations from a Regional Consensus, Brazilian oral research, 2021, 35,    56. [Crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[2] a) B.C. Soh, N. Husniyah, G. Jeevanandan, A. Balasubramaniam, Prevalence of irreversible pulpitis among male and female children-a retrospective study, Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government, 2021, 27, 2550-2556. [Crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher], b) A.S. Taeh, A.A. Abdul-Hamead, F.M. Othman, Chemical Methodologies, 2022, 6, 428-437. [Crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher], c) A. Amini, H. Shahpoori Arani, M. Milani Fard, Medical tourism industry: A systematic review on its principles, sequels, and ethical issues, Eurasian Journal of Science and Technology, 2022, 2, 139-151. [Crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher], d) A. Salh, M. Risan,   H. Jasim,  'Biochemical Characteristics and Antibiotics Susceptibility of Streptococcus Mutans Isolates from Dental Caries in Baghdad City', International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research, 2022, 10,  32-43. [Crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[3]   S. Chandra, Grossman’s endodontic practice, Wolters kluwer india Pvt Ltd., 2014. [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[4] a) M. Torabinejad, A. F. Fouad, S. Shabahang, S. Endodontics e-book: Principles and practice, Elsevier Health Sciences, 2020. [Google Scholar], [Publisher] b) R. Alimoradzadeh, N. Moosavi, A. Karimkoshteh, Z. Sadeghi, M. Milanifard, A. Ismaili, Investigation of the chemistry of metformin by targeting the Nrf2 signaling pathway (a response surface methodology approach), Chemical Methodologies, 2022, 6, 166-173. [Crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[5]  H. Jayakodi, S. Kailasam, K. Kumaravadivel, B. Thangavelu, S. Mathew, Clinical and pharmacological management of endodontic flare-up, Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences, 2012, 4, S294. [Crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[6] M. Nair, J. Rahul, A. Devadathan, Incidence of endodontic flare-ups and its related factors: A retrospective study, Journal of International Society of Preventive & Community Dentistry, 2017, 7, 175. [Crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[7]  a) C. Aoun, N. El Osta, A. Naaman, C. Zogheib, I. Khalil, Post-endodontic flare-ups after a single-visit treatment using the FUI scoring method and associated factors: a clinical prospective study, The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice, 2019, 20, 1033-1040.  [Google Scholar], [Publisher], b) B. Fazeli-Nasab, L. Shahraki-Mojahed, ,Z. Beigomi,, M. Beigomi, A. Pahlavan, Rapid detection methods of pesticides residues in vegetable foods, Chemical Methodologies, 2022, 6, 24-40. [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[8] S.-C. Hsieh, J.-T. Tsao, W.-Z. Lew, Y.-H. Chan, L.-W. Lee, C.-T. Lin, Y.-K. Huang, H.-M. Huang et al., Static magnetic field attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in pulp cells by affecting cell membrane stability, The Scientific World Journal, 2015. [Crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[9]  A. Brodzikowska, M. Ciechanowska, M. Kopka, A. Stachura, P. K. Włodarski, Role of Lipopolysaccharide, Derived from Various Bacterial Species, in Pulpitis—A Systematic Review, Biomolecules, 2022, 12, 138. [Crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[10] L. Mazgaeen, P. Gurung, Recent advances in lipopolysaccharide recognition systems, International journal of molecular sciences, 2020, 21, 379. [Crossref],[Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[11] G. Sampoerno, J. Sunariani,  Expression of NaV-1.7, TNF-α and HSP-70 in experimental flare-up post-extirpated dental pulp tissue through a neuroimmunological approach, The Saudi Dental Journal   2020, 32, 206-212. [Crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[12] T. Dainichi, R. Matsumoto, A. Mostafa, K. Kabashima, Immune control by TRAF6-mediated pathways of epithelial cells in the EIME (epithelial immune microenvironment), Frontiers in immunology, 2019, 10, 1107. [Crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[13] N. Schuelert, J.J. McDougall, Involvement of Nav 1.8 sodium ion channels in the transduction of mechanical pain in a rodent model of osteoarthritis, Arthritis research & therapy, 2012, 14, 1-9. [Crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[14]  AY.m. Zheng, W.-f. Wang, Y.-f. Li, Y. Yu, Z.-b. Ga, enhancing   inactivation rather than reducing activation of Nav1. 7 channels by a clinically effective analgesic CNV1014802, Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 2018, 39, 587-596. [Crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[15] Z. Feng, M. Zhan, R. Meng, X. Wang, Q. Xu, 5-Aza-2’-deoxycytidine enhances lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory cytokine expression in human dental pulp cells by regulating TRAF6 methylation, Bioengineered, 2019, 10, 197-206. [Crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
 
[16] S.-W. Kim, J. Roh, C.-S. Park, Immunohistochemistry for pathologists: protocols, pitfalls, and tips, Journal of pathology and translational medicine, 2016, 50, 411-418. [Crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[17] A. Cuadrado, A. R. Nebreda, Mechanisms and functions of p38 MAPK signalling. Biochemical journal, 2010, 429, 403-417. [Crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[18] A. Dell, D.H. William, H.R. Morris, G.A. Smith, J. Feeney, G.C.K. Roberts, The type I TGF-β receptor engages TRAF6 to activate TAK1 in a receptor kinase-independent manner, Nature cell biology, 2008, 10, 1199-1207. [Crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[19] M. Yamashita, K. Fatyol, C. Jin, X. Wang, Z. Liu, Y. E. Zhang, TRAF6 mediates Smad-independent activation of JNK and p38 by TGF-β. Molecular cell, 2008, 31, 918-924. [Crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[20] P. Martine, A. Chevriaux, V. Derangère, L. Apetoh, C. Garrido, F. Ghiringhelli, C. Rébé, HSP70 is a negative regulator of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, Cell death & disease, 2019, 10, 256.[Crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]